Lost cities #2: the search for the real Troy – 'not just one city but at least 1. Cities. On the north- west coast of Turkey, atop a hill overlooking the mouth of the Dardanelles, lies the memory of a city which blurs the line between myth and history like no other. In mythology, Troy inspired the Greek epic poet Homer to conceive his two great works in (probably) the eighth century BC: the Iliad – set in the final year of the decade- long siege of Troy by a coalition of Greek states – and its “sequel”, the Odyssey. In reality, it was said the city witnessed one of the greatest battles in Greek history. In his History of the Peloponnesian War, the fifth- century BC historian Thucydides describes the Trojan war as “notable beyond all previous wars”. But the precise location – and even the very existence – of Troy has been a source of dispute throughout the ages.

Reputedly razed after a battle in around 1. BC, the city was later reinhabited by both the Greeks and Romans and renamed Ilios/Ilium. It decayed into insignificance by 5. BC, and was lost until two centuries ago. Now Troy’s location is widely believed to be the site of Hisarlik in Turkey: essentially a mound of 3. Within this meadowed hill may lie 4,0. Trojan history. Indeed, there was likely not just one city here, but at least 1.

The Hisarlik site contains layer upon layer of ancient settlement, from the first circa 3. BC to the last around 5. BC. It is now generally believed that the sixth and seventh construction phases (the late Bronze Age cities referred to as Troy VI and Troy VIIa) could be King Priam’s city, as described in the Iliad.

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Tags watch a tale of two cities online a tale of two cities online in hindi a tale of two cities hindi in online tales from two cities 1999 free online new movies. Lost cities #2: the search for the real Troy. for the real Troy – 'not just one city but at. Cressida to Wolfgang Petersen’s 2004 Hollywood take on the. A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens. Searchable etext. Discuss with other readers.

One theory suggests the mythical horse with which the Greeks attacked Troy was an allegory for the god Poseidon. Illustration: Rischgitz/Getty Images. Troy’s modern- day story begins, allegedly, with the dream of a little boy.

So fascinated was he by the myth, after seeing an illustration in a book given to him by his father, that he set out to find the city. That seven- year- old was Henrich Schliemann, the 1. German businessman- turned- archaeologist who was the first to comprehensively excavate at the site of Hisarlik. He was “among the luckiest individuals ever to put a shovel into the earth”, writes archaeologist and historian Eric Cline in his short introduction to the Trojan War.

Heinrich Schliemann (1. How the amateur archaeologist Schliemann managed to find Troy and kick off the field of Aegean prehistory is nothing short of astounding. He was, however, prone to falsifying his excavation journals, which might also put the veracity of that childhood dream in doubt. In April 1. 87. 0, Schliemann began to dig at Hisarlik. Soon he claimed to have found the “burnt city” of Homer’s Troy, and among it King Priam’s treasure – some of which he later famously gave his wife to wear.

In the process, however, “he threw away the thing he was going to look for,” says Cline. Schliemann dug through – and decimated – layers and layers of Bronze Age Troy (1. BC), until he reached what is now known as Troy II: a city more than 1,0.

Troy of the Iliad.“If you look on excavation maps, there’s a gap in the middle where it says ‘Palace removed by Schliemann’. He got Priam’s palace and then threw it away,” Cline says. He found Troy, but he also destroyed Troy.”A grand Bronze Age city. The city of Troy started as a simple settlement in around 3. Watch A Boyfriend For Christmas 4Shared.

BC, growing and thriving on trade, agriculture and fishing. There were found to be nine major phases of construction before the city’s major destruction, in approximately 1. BC. However, since there aren’t any contemporary texts that describe Troy, and as Schliemann managed to ruin the remains of what could well have been King Priam’s city, we actually know very little about it. The historicity of the Trojan War and the fall of the city at the hands of the Greeks (the narrative of the Iliad) was still questionable until the groundbreaking work of archaeologist Manfred Korfmann in the 1. Until then, excavations in Hisarlik had revealed only an insignificant town, but Korfmann and his team discovered a lower city that covered 7. A reconstruction of the Homeric city of Troy.

Illustration: G Dagli Orti/De Agostini/Getty Images. These findings suggested that Troy was, “by the standards of this region at that time, very large indeed, and most certainly of supraregional importance,” Korfmann wrote in Archaeology magazine in 2. Its citadel was unparalleled in the wider region and, as far as hitherto known, unmatched anywhere in southeastern Europe.”“That’s what nailed it for me for the identification,” says Cline, who suggests the Troy that Homer describes could in fact be a hybrid of Troy VI and VIIa. The sixth construction layer is thought to have been destroyed by an earthquake, rather than the Greeks – although one tenuous theory suggests that the legendary Trojan horse was an allegory for the god Poseidon, whose animal was a horse.

Also known as “Earth shaker”, Poseidon could have represented the destruction of the city by a natural disaster. On the other hand, Troy VIIa – a city with much less grandeur than the Troy described by Homer – was almost certainly destroyed by a major battle, as archaeologists have found arrowheads in the remains of the citadel. So is this evidence of the Trojan war? Nobody is sure. Cline suggests that with the whole area in turmoil at the time, a single major battle between forces of east and west is unlikely.

The fall of Troy is part of the larger picture of the fall of the entire Bronze Age,” he says. The whole G8 of the ancient world goes down.” With a little creativity, however, Homer’s words can be made to place Priam’s city at the site in Turkey. The great poet says Troy is steep and windy, much like Hisarlik. He describes it as “strong- founded”, “gate- towering”, with “wide ways” (streets) and an “indestructible citadel”. He presents an image of a large city run by a powerful elite, protected by magnificent walls; a grand Bronze Age city that would have housed between 4,0. An aerial view of the ancient remains in Hisarlik, Turkey.

Photograph: Alamy. It is from these walls that some of Troy’s greatest losses are witnessed in the Iliad. In book 2. 2, there is the heart- wrenching moment when Hector’s wife sees the fallen hero’s dead body being dragged by Achilles in front of the city: “The running horses dragged him at random toward the hollow ships of the Achaians. The darkness of night misted over the eyes of Andromache.”The walls that play such an important role for the Troy of the Iliad could also be linked to Hisarlik: parts of the bottom walls, still visible today, are 4- 5m wide and 8m high.

These walls had multiple towers and gates that would have led directly to the city centre. The citadel, home to the ruling elite, was a densely occupied area with monumental buildings and two- storey houses of extensive rooms. As city planning didn’t come along until the classical period of the Iron Age, according to Joritt Kelder of Oxford University’s Oriental Institute, “so far the only real division is who has power and who doesn’t. The power was clearly focused on the citadel, with the king and his immediate family and friends.” A multicultural city. There is no doubt that Troy was a major city of strategic importance throughout the Bronze Age. Its location guarding the Dardanelles meant it was effectively the gateway to the Black Sea, and held an important trade route.

Sandwiched between the Mycenaean world to the west and the Hittites to the east, it was the meeting point of two opposing cultures. And it seems Troy thrived as a multicultural city: archaeologists have found evidence of cultural foreign influence, such as local potters making Mycenaean pots with their own Trojan touch. There is also evidence of extensive trade with Anatolia (modern- day Turkey) and the Bronze Age civilisations in Greece. It was, for the time, a very cosmopolitan city. A depiction of archaeologist Schliemann’s devastating impact on the historic Hisarlik site.

Illustration: Alamy.